Is there sign-tracking in aversive conditioning?

Appetitive vs. Aversive conditioning in humans

In classical conditioning, an initially neutral stimulus (conditioned stimulus, CS) becomes associated with a biologically salient event (unconditioned stimulus, US), which might be pain (aversive conditioning) or food (appetitive conditioning). After a few associations, the CS is able to initiate either defensive or consummatory responses, respectively. Contrary to aversive conditioning, appet...

Aversive Conditioning in Honeybees (Apis melliferd)

Learning in honeybees, previously studied by appetitive techniques, was studied here by aversive techniques. In one series of experiments, a shuttle box was used, with the odor of formic acid as the aversive stimulus. A punishment contingency was found to suppress shuttling more in master animals than in yoked controls, whereas escape and unsignaled avoidance contingencies facilitated shuttling...

Is there a role for ischaemic conditioning in cardiac surgery?

Coronary artery disease (CAD) is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Coronary artery bypass graft (CABG) surgery is the revascularisation strategy of choice in patients with diabetes mellitus and complex CAD. Owing to a number of factors, including the ageing population, the increased complexity of CAD being treated, concomitant valve and aortic surgery, and multiple comorbiditi...

Morphine tolerance: is there evidence for a conditioning model?

Neural correlates of appetitive-aversive interactions in Pavlovian fear conditioning.

We used Pavlovian counterconditioning in rats to identify the neural mechanisms for appetitive-aversive motivational interactions. In Stage I, rats were trained on conditioned stimulus (CS)-food (unconditioned stimulus [US]) pairings. In Stage II, this appetitive CS was transformed into a fear CS via pairings with footshock. The development of fear responses was retarded in rats that had receiv...